论文题目：Telomere-to-telomere genome of a dodecaploid desert shrub Prunus pedunculata reveals polyploidy-driven arid adaptation
论文作者：Qian Yang, Junpeng Ma, Junru Wang, Xia Yang, Siyu Xie, Long Wang, Wenqun Fei, Wandong Yang, Mengxi Huang, Liang Zhao
论文摘要：Geographical imbalance in extremophile plant genomics has left the Mongolian Plateau underex plored. Prunus pedunculata, a desert shrub endemic to this arid region, provides an ideal system for understanding woody plant adaptation to extreme drought, yet its genomic architecture remains unknown. Results Here we present a telomere-to-telomere genome assembly for P. pedunculata, a dodecaploid (2n = 12 × = 96) with the highest ploidy level among sequenced woody perennials. Its 1.38 Gb genome is resolved into 48 chromosomes, and telomeric repeats are detected in each. Evolutionary analysis confirms an autopolyploid origin with > 80% subgenome consistency and no evidence of hybridization. The most recent whole-genome duplication dates to approximately 3.49 million years ago, coinciding with the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the intensification of Asian interior aridity. Ancestral karyotype reconstruction using six Prunus species spanning diploid to dodecaploid genomes and three inflorescence types reveals an eight chromosome ancestor and post polyploidization chromosomal rearrangements. Organ specific transcriptomics under progressive drought uncovers a coordinated division of labor that integrates ABA, CLE25, BES1/BIN2, and auxin signaling modules to orchestrate growth cessation and stress survival. Drought induced genes significantly overlap with expanded gene families, demonstrating functional recruitment of polyploidy derived redundancy. This work confirms an autopolyploid origin for P. pedunculata and links this polyploidization event to the aridification of the Asian interior. Duplicated genes have been repurposed for drought stress, and a multi component signaling network coordinates organ responses and enhances survival under water scarcity, offering leads for crop improvement.
极端生境下植物基因组学的研究在区域上很不均衡，蒙古高原的植物基因组学研究仍很不足。长梗扁桃（Prunus pedunculata）是这一干旱地区特有的荒漠灌木，是理解木本植物对极端干旱环境适应的理想材料，但其基因组结构仍然未知。
我们组装了长梗扁桃的端粒到端粒基因组，其为十二倍体（2n = 12 × = 96），是已测序倍性最高的多年生木本植物。其1.38 Gb的基因组被解析为48条染色体。进化分析证实其为同源多倍体起源，亚基因组一致性超过80%。最近一次全基因组复制发生在大约349万年前，与青藏高原隆升及亚洲内陆干旱化加剧的时间相吻合。对广义李属（Prunus）物种进行祖先核型重建，显示李属祖先具有八条染色体，多倍化后基因组内部进行了一定程度的重排。梯度干旱条件下的器官特异性转录组学揭示了ABA、CLE25、BES1/BIN2和生长素信号协同的耐旱网络。干旱响应基因与扩张的基因家族显著重叠，表明多倍化产生的冗余基因被功能性招募。本研究证实了长柄扁桃的同源多倍体起源，并将这一多倍化事件与亚洲内陆的干旱化联系起来。重复基因被重新用于干旱胁迫响应，一个多组分的信号网络增强了缺水条件下的植物存活能力，为干旱区林木和作物改良提供了新线索。
论文链接：https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13059-026-04317-2